String theory,Einstein, and the identity of physics: Theory assessment in absence of the empirical

String theorists are certain that they are practicing physicists. Yet, some of their recent critics deny this. This paper argues that this conflict is really about who holds authority in making rational judgment in theoretical physics. At bottom, the conflict centers on the question: who is a proper physicist? To illustrate and understand the differing opinions about proper practice and identity, we discuss different appreciations of epistemic virtues and explanation among string theorists and their critics, and how these have been sourced in accounts of Einstein's biography. Just as Einstein is claimed by both sides, historiography offers examples of both successful and unsuccessful non-empirical science. History of science also teaches that times of conflict are often times of innovation, in which novel scholarly identities may come into being. At the same time, since the contributions of Thomas Kuhn historians have developed a critical attitude towards formal attempts and methodological recipes for epistemic demarcation and justification of scientific practice. These are now, however, being considered in the debate on non-empirical physics.     

城市区域多物流无人机协同任务分配

针对城市区域多无人机协同物流任务分配问题, 综合考虑不同无人机性能、物流时效性、飞行可靠性等影响因素, 以经济成本、时间损失和安全风险最小为目标函数, 构建多无人机协同物流任务分配模型。因问题规模大、求解复杂度高, 设计改进的量子粒子群算法进行求解。首先，为增强粒子遍历性和多样性, 采用均匀化级联Logistic映射进行粒子初始化; 其次，为避免算法陷入局部最优解, 引入基于高斯分布的粒子变异方式; 最后，为提高算法运行效率, 运用自适应惯性权重方法对粒子赋值。仿真实验结果表明，所构建的模型能够实现任务分配多目标优化, 贴近城市区域无人机物流配送实际; 所提算法与传统量子粒子群算法和遗传算法相比, 任务分配代价分别下降了5.9%和6.3%;并进一步对参数权重设置进行分析, 当3个子目标函数权重系数分别为0.225、0.275和0.500, 种群规模为150时, 算法规划的结果最优。     

基于免疫粒子群优化的移动Sink路径规划算法

为了减少能量空洞和延长网络生命周期，在无线传感网中采用移动 Sink 的方式收集节点采集的数据是解决能 量效率问题的有效措施．采集路径的规划问题类似于旅行商问题，无法得到多项式时间的解．提出了将人工免疫算法和粒子群算法相结合，针对移动 sink 数据收集的路径规划问题寻求近似最优解，仿真结果表明: 与其他算法进行性能比较，所提出的优化算法能够有效减少能耗和缩短遍历路径．     

Evolution of ferronickel particles during the reduction of low-grade saprolitic laterite nickel ore by coal in the temperature range of 900–1250℃with the addition of CaO–CaF2–H3BO3

The method of producing ferronickel at low temperature(1250–1400℃)has been applied since the 1950s at Nippon Yakin Kogyo,Oheyama Works,Japan.Limestone was used as an additive to adjust the slag composition for lowering the slag melting point.The ferronickel product was recovered by means of a magnetic separator from semi-molten slag and metal after water quenching.To increase the efficiency of magnetic separation,a large particle size of ferronickel is desired.Therefore,in this study,the influences of CaO,CaF₂,and H₃BO₃ additives on the evolution of ferronickel particle at≤1250℃were investigated.The experiments were conducted at 900–1250℃with the addition of CaO,CaF₂,and H₃BO₃.The reduction processes were carried out in a horizontal tube furnace for 2 h under argon atmosphere.At 1250℃,with the CaO addition of 10 wt%of the ore weight,ferronickel particles with size of 20μm were obtained.The ferronickel particle size increased to 165μm by adding 10 wt%CaO and 10 wt%CaF₂.The addition of boric acid further increased the ferronickel particle size to 376μm,as shown by the experiments with the addition of 10 wt%CaO,10 wt%CaF₂,and 10 wt%H₃BO₃.     

车辆路径问题的粒子群算法研究

车辆路径优化问题是一类具有重要实用价值的组合NP问题．粒子群算法(panicle swarm optimization)是一种新出现的群智能(swarm intellingece)优化方法，将其应用于车辆路径优化问题，构造车辆路径问题的粒子表达方法，建立了此问题的粒子群算法，并与遗传算法作了对比试验．结果表明，粒子群算法可以快速、有效求得车辆路径问题的优化解，是求解车辆路径问题的一个较好方案。     

高等师范学校物理实验教学改革的研究与实践

物理实验是提高学生能力最主要的入门基础课 ,通过分析目前高等师范学校物理实验教学的现状 ,提出了进行物理实验教学改革的建议和设想 ,以及提高物理实验教学人员素质的重要性 .     

也谈分段函数的初等性

主要讨论一类能表示成最大值函数、最小值函数的分段函数的初等性。证明了只要能表示成最大值函数或最小值函数的分段函数一定是初等函数。     

关于洛仑兹变换

论述洛仑兹变换及其四维形式的由来，并分析了物理量的变换性质。     

掺杂离子导体的粒子交叠广义晶格模型及其电导的粒子尺度效应

提出了一种掺杂离子导体（ＤＩＣ）的粒子交叠广义晶格模型，由此模型，推导随机－电阻－网络（ＲＲＮ）理论中３种导电键各自组分的几率，并采用有效介质近似（ＥＭＡ）计算了ＤＩＣ系统的电导及其粒子尺度效应。     

L3 L~＋L~－γγ事例的一种可能解释

本文用ＴＣ（Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃｏｌｏｒ）模型，解释了Ｌ３Ｌ￣＋Ｌ￣－γγ事例，具体分析发现四个Ｌ３事例可以由过程ｚ→ρ°ρ°→Ｌ￣＋Ｌ￣－Ｐ°（γγ）产生。